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Orbs, Jobs, Steps, and Workflows

The document provides an overview of Jobs, Steps, Workflows and new .circleci/config.yml keys for Orbs.

Orbs Overview

Orbs are packages of config that you either import by name or configure inline to simplify your config, share, and reuse config within and across projects. See Using Orbs for details about how to use orbs in your config and an introduction to orb design.

Jobs Overview

Jobs are a collection of Steps. All of the steps in the job are executed in a single unit which consumes a CircleCI container from your plan while it’s running.

Jobs and Steps enable greater control and provide a framework for workflows and status on each phase of a run to report more frequent feedback. The following diagram illustrates how data flows between jobs. Workspaces persist data between jobs in a single Workflow. Caching persists data between the same job in different Workflow builds. Artifacts persist data after a Workflow has finished.

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In 2.0 Jobs can be run using the machine executor which enables reuse of recently used machine executor runs, or the docker executor which can compose Docker containers to run your tests and any services they require, such as databases, or the macos executor.

When using the docker executor the container images listed under the docker: keys specify the containers to start. Any public Docker images can be used with the docker executor.

See the Specifying Container Images document for more information about docker versus machine use cases and comparisons.

Steps Overview

Steps are a collection of executable commands which are run during a job, the checkout: key is required to checkout your code and a key for run: enables addition of arbitrary, multi-line shell command scripting. In addition to the run: key, keys for save_cache:, restore_cache:, deploy:, store_artifacts:, store_test_results: and add_ssh_keys are nested under Steps.

Sample Configuration with Imported Orb

 version: 2.1
 
 orbs:
   aws-s3: circleci/aws-s3@1.0.0 #imports the s3 orb in the circleci namespace
 
 workflows:
   build-test-deploy:
     jobs:
       - deploy2s3:
         steps:
           - aws-s3/sync: #invokes the sync command declared in the s3 orb
               from: .
              to: "s3://mybucket_uri"
              overwrite: true

Sample Configuration with Parallel Jobs

Following is a sample 2.0 .circleci/config.yml file.

version: 2
jobs:
  build:
    docker:
      - image: circleci/<language>:<version TAG>
    steps:
      - checkout
      - run: <command>
  test:
    docker:
      - image: circleci/<language>:<version TAG>
    steps:
      - checkout
      - run: <command>
workflows:
  version: 2
  build_and_test:
    jobs:
      - build
      - test

This example shows a parallel job workflow where the build and test jobs run in parallel to save time. Refer to the Workflows document for complete details about orchestrating job runs with parallel, sequential, and manual approval workflows.

See Also