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Android images with the machine executor

2 weeks ago2 min read
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Overview

The Android machine image is accessed through the Linux machine executor, like other Linux machine images on CircleCI. The Android machine image supports nested virtualization and x86 Android emulators, so it can be used for Android UI testing. It also comes with the Android SDK pre-installed.

Using the Android machine image

It is possible to configure the use of the Android image in your configuration with orbs, as well as manually. The Android orb will simplify your configuration. More complex and custom configurations may benefit from manually configuring your usage instead of using the orb. This document will cover both use cases. Refer to the Examples section below for more details.

Pre-installed software

View the quarterly update announcement on our Discuss page for a list of current pre-installed software.

Examples

Below you will find several examples demonstrating the use of the Android machine image both with and without orbs.

Simple orb usage

The below sample uses the Android orb to run a single job.

Make sure to replace any placeholder versions in the example.

# .circleci/config.yaml
version: 2.1
orbs:
  android: circleci/android@2.4.0
  # https://circleci.com/developer/orbs/orb/circleci/android for latest version
workflows:
  test:
    jobs:
      # This job uses the Android machine image by default
      - android/run-ui-tests:
          # Use pre-steps and post-steps if necessary
          # to execute custom steps before and afer any of the built-in steps
          system-image: system-images;android-29;default;x86
          executor:
            name: android/android-machine
            resource-class: large
            tag: 2021.10.1

More complex orb usage

This example shows how you can use more granular orb commands to achieve what the start-emulator-and-run-tests command does.

Make sure to replace any placeholder versions in the example.

# .circleci/config.yml
version: 2.1
orbs:
  android: circleci/android@2.4.0
  # https://circleci.com/developer/orbs/orb/circleci/android for latest version
jobs:
  test:
    executor:
      name: android/android-machine
      resource-class: large
      tag: 2021.10.1
    steps:
      - checkout
      # Create an AVD named "myavd"
      - android/create-avd:
          avd-name: myavd
          system-image: system-images;android-29;default;x86
          install: true
      # By default, after starting up the emulator, a cache will be restored,
      # "./gradlew assembleDebugAndroidTest" will be run and then a script
      # will be run to wait for the emulator to start up.
      # Specify the "post-emulator-launch-assemble-command" command to override
      # the gradle command run, or set "wait-for-emulator" to false to disable
      # waiting for the emulator altogether.
      - android/start-emulator:
          avd-name: myavd
          no-window: true
          restore-gradle-cache-prefix: v1a
      # Runs "./gradlew connectedDebugAndroidTest" by default.
      # Specify the "test-command" parameter to customize the command run.
      - android/run-tests
      - android/save-gradle-cache:
          cache-prefix: v1a
workflows:
  test:
    jobs:
      - test

No-orb example

The following is an example of using the Android machine image, without using the circleci/android orb. These steps are similar to what is run when you use the run-ui-tests job of the orb.

# .circleci/config.yml
version: 2.1
jobs:
  build:
    machine:
      image: android:default
    # To optimize build times, we recommend "large" and above for Android-related jobs
    resource_class: large
    steps:
      - checkout
      - run:
          name: Create avd
          command: |
            SYSTEM_IMAGES="system-images;android-29;default;x86"
            sdkmanager "$SYSTEM_IMAGES"
            echo "no" | avdmanager --verbose create avd -n test -k "$SYSTEM_IMAGES"
      - run:
          name: Launch emulator
          command: |
            emulator -avd test -delay-adb -verbose -no-window -gpu swiftshader_indirect -no-snapshot -noaudio -no-boot-anim
          background: true
      - run:
          name: Generate cache key
          command: |
            find . -name 'build.gradle' | sort | xargs cat |
            shasum | awk '{print $1}' > /tmp/gradle_cache_seed
      - restore_cache:
          key: gradle-v1-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "/tmp/gradle_cache_seed" }}
      - run:
          # run in parallel with the emulator starting up, to optimize build time
          name: Run assembleDebugAndroidTest task
          command: |
            export TERM=dumb
            ./gradlew assembleDebugAndroidTest
      - run:
          name: Wait for emulator to start
          command: |
            circle-android wait-for-boot
      - run:
          name: Disable emulator animations
          command: |
            adb shell settings put global window_animation_scale 0.0
            adb shell settings put global transition_animation_scale 0.0
            adb shell settings put global animator_duration_scale 0.0
      - run:
          name: Run UI tests (with retry)
          command: |
            MAX_TRIES=2
            run_with_retry() {
               n=1
               until [ $n -gt $MAX_TRIES ]
               do
                  echo "Starting test attempt $n"
                  ./gradlew connectedDebugAndroidTest && break
                  n=$[$n+1]
                  sleep 5
               done
               if [ $n -gt $MAX_TRIES ]; then
                 echo "Max tries reached ($MAX_TRIES)"
                 exit 1
               fi
            }
            run_with_retry
      - save_cache:
          key: gradle-v1-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "/tmp/gradle_cache_seed" }}
          paths:
            - ~/.gradle/caches
            - ~/.gradle/wrapper
workflows:
  build:
    jobs:
      - build

Using the Android image on server

From CircleCI server 3.4+, Android machine images are supported for installations on GCP. To use the Android image in your projects set the image key to android-default in your jobs.

version: 2.1

jobs:
  my-job:
    machine:
      image: android-default
    steps:
    # job steps here

It is also possible to use the Android orb, as shown above, for cloud. Your server administrator will need to import the orb first. Also, you will need to define the android-default image for the machine executor, as shown in the example below, rather than using the default executor built into the orb. View the CircleCI server orbs page for instructions on importing orbs.

This example shows how you can use granular orb commands to achieve what the start-emulator-and-run-tests command does.

Make sure to replace any placeholder versions in the example.

# .circleci/config.yml
version: 2.1
orbs:
  android: circleci/android@x.y.z
  # https://circleci.com/developer/orbs/orb/circleci/android for latest version
jobs:
  test:
    machine:
      image: android-default
    steps:
      - checkout
      # Create an AVD named "myavd"
      - android/create-avd:
          avd-name: myavd
          system-image: system-images;android-29;default;x86
          install: true
      # By default, after starting up the emulator, a cache will be restored,
      # "./gradlew assembleDebugAndroidTest" will be run and then a script
      # will be run to wait for the emulator to start up.
      # Specify the "post-emulator-launch-assemble-command" command to override
      # the gradle command run, or set "wait-for-emulator" to false to disable
      # waiting for the emulator altogether.
      - android/start-emulator:
          avd-name: myavd
          no-window: true
          restore-gradle-cache-prefix: v1a
      # Runs "./gradlew connectedDebugAndroidTest" by default.
      # Specify the "test-command" parameter to customize the command run.
      - android/run-tests
      - android/save-gradle-cache:
          cache-prefix: v1a
workflows:
  test:
    jobs:
      - test

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